Revue française de gestion: To be or not to be supported? The new frontiers of entrepreneurial support

Entrepreneurial dynamism shows no sign of waning. Most countries have seen a significant increase in entrepreneurial activity, as GEM data show (Messeghem et al., 2024a). Entrepreneurial ecosystems have expanded considerably around the world, with a strong orientation towards productive entrepreneurship (Wurth et al., 2023). However, the share of supported entrepreneurs remains low. In the French context, fewer than one in four entrepreneurs benefit from entrepreneurial support (Messeghem et al., 2024b). This statistic raises questions about how inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystems really are. Over the same period, the literature on entrepreneurial support (Lesage et al., 2021; Jacquemin et al., 2018; Messeghem, 2021) and that on entrepreneurial ecosystems (Theodoraki et al., 2022; Messeghem and Cloutier, 2023) have grown rapidly. Today, one of the challenges is to better connect and integrate these streams of research. Bergman and Shepherd (2022), for example, call for a stronger systemic perspective in research on organisations