# 2 Evolution des écosystèmes entrepreneuriaux : regards croisés entre Montpellier et Toulouse

This article explores the entrepreneurial ecosystems of Montpellier and Toulouse, two French cities that are emblematic in the field of entrepreneurship and innovation, despite their distinct evolutionary paths. These differences are attributed to the impact of local industry and government policies on the governance of these ecosystems. The Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Lab conducted an in-depth study spanning more than four decades, highlighting two key configurations, one linked to policy and the other to industry. The findings are useful for policymakers and entrepreneurial ecosystem actors, enabling them to formulate tailored proposals to foster entrepreneurship and innovation in these regions.